University Scientific Notes

Assessment Of The Implementation Of The Provisions Of The Istanbul Convention In Ukraine

2025-02-17T16:39:56+00:00

The article is devoted to studying the state of implementation of the provisions of the Istanbul Convention in Ukraine, which is an important stage in combating gender-based and domestic violence. The study is based on the materials of focus groups covering key participants in combating violence in the Chernivtsi region. The level of awareness among participants involved in preventing and responding to violence cases including social workers, police officers, representatives of religious communities, and those responsible for the territorial communities was analysed. It was determined that the ratification of the Istanbul Convention contributed to increasing attention to the problem of violence and the development of the appropriate infrastructure to combat fierceness. However, the general level of awareness of participants regarding the standards of the Convention remains low which complicates the effective implementation of its provisions. Numerous problems were identified including a lack of coordination between participants and a low level of trust of victims in the police, a lack of programs for working with perpetrators, a stereotypical perception of the violence in society, staff shortages and turnover, and low effectiveness of protective orders. To improve the implementation of the Istanbul Convention, it is proposed that additional resources be attracted, employee motivation should be increased, and professional training programs should be developed. An important direction is the involvement of religious organizations in educational work, victim support initiatives, and spiritual guidance which will contribute to strengthening public support and changes in attitudes towards the problem of violence. The article outlines the prospects for further research in the field of analysing the implementation of state and regional action plans. It also studies the experience of victims and the influence of international organizations on the implementation of the Convention. The results can be used to improve mechanisms for combating violence and develop new approaches in social and legal practice.

The Object Of Legal Relations In The Field Of Educational Activities Of The State Border Guard Service Of Ukraine

2025-02-17T19:46:13+00:00

The article analyses the object of legal relations in the field of educational activities of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine. It is emphasized that the object of legal relations characterizes the orientation of the interests of subjects to a specific result, to achieve which they enter into legal relations and reflects the dynamics of the interaction of the subjects of such relations. At the same time, the object of legal relations in the field of educational activities of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine is education as an intangible good, the achievement of which is aimed at the interests of the subjects of the specified activity. Education as an intangible good acquires a specific form, which is inherent in certain characteristics, and under the influence of objective law, they acquire legal significance. One of such characteristics is the quality of education — a criterion that determines the effectiveness of the educational process. The quality of the educational activities of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine is considered in two aspects: as the ability of educational institutions of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine to ensure the provision of quality education and as the ability of education seekers to obtain relevant competencies that meet the established standards. It is determined that the educational activities of the State Border Service of Ukraine have several levels, which together ensure the training of personnel of a special-purpose law enforcement agency for professional activity. The ability of educational institutions of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine to provide an appropriate level of educational services is determined by licensing educational activities by the competent state authority under the current legislation of Ukraine. The emphasis is on mandatory compliance with the licensing conditions for the implementation of educational activities by the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine. The compliance of the competencies obtained by education seekers with the established standards is also characterized as one of the aspects of determining the quality of educational activities of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine.

Peasant Uprisings In Podolia in 1920–1921

2025-03-22T22:06:48+00:00

We investigate the features of the integration of Ukrainian territories into the Bolshevik state after October 1917, when the Soviet authorities perceived Ukraine as a key element of a centralized system possessing significant economic, demographic, and food resources. The change in the ideological orientations of the Ukrainian peasantry, which constituted the bulk of the state’s population, towards the petty-bourgeois owner is recorded. The circumstances of the formation of the Bolshevik government are noted: the Podolsk Provincial Revolutionary Committee and the Provincial Extraordinary Commission to Combat the «Counterrevolution». The features of the introduction of food distribution, the main reasons for the emergence of the insurgent movement in the early 1920s, and the application of the systems of hostage and defendant punishments are examined. The circumstances of the replacement of food distribution with a food tax under the new economic policy and the cruelty of the methods of its implementation are revealed. The performances of individual rebel detachments in 1920, which grew into a system of resistance of the Podolia peasantry to the Bolshevik government, gave hope to the leadership of the Ukrainian People’s Republic in the possibility of restoring power through a nationwide anti-Bolshevik uprising, are indicated. Chief Ataman Symon Petliura and Chief of Staff Yurko Tyutiunnyk developed an order «On the Insurgent Troops of the Ukrainian People’s Republic», which called on Ukrainians to “fight the last decisive battle». The nationwide anti-Bolshevik uprising was planned to begin with the Podolsk Group under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Mykhailo Palii-Sydoryansky, from which two detachments were formed. The nationwide anti-Bolshevik uprising was planned to begin with the action of the Podolsk group under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Mykhailo Palii-Sydoryansky, from which two detachments were formed. One of them was to reach Kamianets-Podilskyi, and the second was assigned to move through Lantskorun. The main task of the group was to conduct a raid on the territory of Podillia, and eventually connect with the main group. In November, the Podolsk group received an order to link up with the Volyn group, but it was impossible to carry it out because contact with the main forces was lost. In November, the Podolsk group received an order to link up with the Volyn group, but it was impossible to carry it out because contact with the main forces was lost. Therefore, the Podolsk group was forced to retreat west and, having crossed the Polish border, lay down their arms.

Procedural Features Of Consideration And Resolution Of Adoption Annulment Cases

2025-05-01T07:11:36+00:00

The purpose of the article is to identify the features of civil proceedings in cases of adoption annulment, as well as develop scientifically sound proposals for improving Ukrainian legislation with a view to eliminating the identified conflicts, gaps and inaccuracies in the legal regulation of the relevant issues. It has been determined that the list of persons enshrined in Article 240 of the Family Code of Ukraine is illogical and inconsistent with the principles of civil proceedings. After all, any person is entitled to file a claim for the adoption annulment if he(she) believes that the existence of such legal relations violates, does not recognize or disputes his(her) rights, freedoms or interests. At the same time, the guardianship and custody authorities and the prosecutor are not direct participants in the relevant disputed legal relations, so they can be neither plaintiffs nor defendants in such cases and should always be endowed with the procedural status of the body and person who is legally entitled to appeal to court in the interests of other persons. The Ukrainian Parliament Commissioner for Human Rights is also authorized to apply to the court with the request to annul the adoption in the interests of other persons, although he(she) is not included in the list enshrined in the Article 240 of the Family Code of Ukraine. It has been substantiated that in the absence of a dispute over the right to adoption annulment, it is more appropriate to consider it in a separate proceeding. This will fully comply with the general principles of civil proceedings and the essence of special proceedings. Since cases involving the adoption annulment, especially of a child, are often characterized by a significant psychological load, it has been argued that in such cases a psychologist in the procedural status of a specialist or an expert should necessarily participate in the process of consideration and resolution of the case. Based on the results of the study, it has been stated that domestic family and civil procedural legislation currently does not fully regulate all important aspects related to the consideration and resolution of cases involving the adoption annulment. Therefore, they need to be amended. During the consideration and resolution of relevant civil cases, it is necessary to correctly determine the composition of the parties to the case, and to endow them with the procedural status in accordance with the purpose and role of their participation in the court proceedings.

Project Activities Of Public Authority Bodies As A Tool For Improving The Quality Of Cultural Services

2025-05-01T16:44:05+00:00

The article analyses the practical aspects of implementing a project approach by local governments and civil society institutions in territorial communities of the Kharkiv region in order to improve the quality of cultural services provided to the population. The study showed that joint implementation of cultural projects contributes to more efficient use of resources, increased community involvement in cultural life, and the creation of a more inclusive cultural environment. It has been found that effective cooperation between government bodies and public institutions within territorial communities ensures an increase in the quality of cultural services, contributes to the formation of sustainable partnerships, and activates the development of local cultural potential. The article reveals the importance of applying project management methods and approaches to the development of territorial communities. It is recognized that the project approach achieves changes in the socio-economic and cultural development of territorial communities, adjusting the behaviour of society. The examples of successful practices of territorial communities of the Kharkiv region prove the importance of synergy between public authorities and civil society institutions in the implementation of international and grant projects that promote the accessibility and quality of cultural services. It has been proven that the use of a project approach and project management in the development of culture in territorial communities is an effective tool for activating cultural life and expanding the range of cultural services. This approach ensures the involvement of the community in the processes of planning and implementing cultural initiatives, promotes the introduction of modern technologies, and increases the competitiveness of the services provided. It was found that the main methods of implementing cultural policy based on a project approach are: developing new cultural programs, establishing partnerships to attract grant funding, integrating digital tools into the cultural sphere, decentralizing cultural services, and supporting the development of creative industries. It was found that the comprehensive application of these methods contributes to an increase in the level of cultural education of the population, the formation of social cohesion, the creation of new jobs in the field of culture, and the strengthening of the tourist attractiveness of the community. Project management is a key factor in the systemic development of the cultural sphere in territorial communities, which allows for the effective implementation of innovative initiatives, the attraction of additional resources, and the provision of wider access to cultural goods.