University Scientific Notes
type: channel
description: University Scientific Notes (until 2005 — Bulletin of the Khmelnytskyi Institute of Regional Management and Law) is a multidisciplinary peer-reviewed scholarly journal that publishes the results of original research in the fields of law, economics, and public administration, as well as interdisciplinary studies conducted at the intersection of these fields. The journal was founded in 2002. Founder — Leonid Yuzkov Khmelnytskyi University of Management and Law (EDRPOU 14163438). During 2009–2024, its co-founders included the National Academy for Public Administration under the President of Ukraine (legal successor Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv) and the Institute of Legislation of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (legal successor the Research Service of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine). Publisher — Leonid Yuzkov Khmelnytskyi University of Management and Law (EDRPOU 14163438). Certificate of Registration as a Publishing Entity, Series DK No. 6982 of 19 November 2019. DOI prefix 10.37491 Mission and scope The mission of the journal is to provide an open academic platform for the dissemination of fundamental and applied research aimed at advancing legal, economic, and public administration sciences, improving legislation, law enforcement practice, and governance mechanisms, and integrating research outcomes into the national and international academic environment. The journal’s scope reflects its historical specialisation and includes research on: the development of legal doctrine, legislation, and law enforcement; theoretical and applied issues of the functioning of the legal system; institutional, legal, and economic foundations of state and societal development; legal aspects of the activities of public authorities and local self-government; public administration, administrative procedures, and governance; economic and legal mechanisms of regulation of social relations; transformation of legal and governance institutions under contemporary socio-economic chan…
publisher: Хмельницький університет управління та права імені Леоніда Юзькова
language: en
publication name: University Scientific Notes
issn: 2078-9165
items: Ethical Standards of the National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine
items: Economic Status and Forms of Economic Activity of National Minorities of Podillia in the Context of the Policy of Indigenization in the 1920s–1930s
items: Invalidity of a Subsequent Will: A Legislative Paradox through the Prism of the Theory of Legal Transactions
items: The Role of the Non-Governmental Sector of the Social Security System in the Provision of Social Services under Modern Conditions
items: Organisational and Managerial Mechanism for the Provision of Social Services under Contemporary Conditions
items: Digitisation of Corporate Shares and Shareholders’ Validation in Limited Liability and Additional Liability Companies
items: Unification of the Supreme Court’s Case Law on Methods and Rules of Legal Interpretation
items: Using Open Science Infrastructure in Contemporary Analytical Education
items: High-Level Public Officials of Ukraine as Subjects of Legal Liability
items: Proceedings Concerning the Application of Criminal Measures to a Legal Entity: Special Procedural Form, Representation and Judicial Control
items: The Concept of Sexual Corruption
items: Tactics of Conducting Investigative (Search) Actions of Presentation to Identify Various Objects in the Conditions of the Legal Regime of Martial State
items: Implementation of Foreign Models of Social Policy into the System of Administration of Social Services at the Municipal Level in Ukraine
items: Factors Transforming the Contemporary International Legal Order
items: A Child as a Subject of Legal Relations in the Sphere of Organ Transplantation
items: The Genesis of the Institutionalization of Self-Government at the Regional Level in Ukraine
items: The Concept of a Database as an Object of Copyright in the EU
items: Digital Transformation of Public Service as a Tool for De-Shadowing the Economy and Ensuring Border Security in Ukraine
items: Digitalisation of the Public Management System of Border Security as a Factor in Optimising Management Decisions in the Field of National Security
items: State Policy on the Integration of Veterans into the Educational System for Preparing the Population for National Resistance
items: Formation of Global HR Strategies in the Conditions of Transnationalisation of Business
items: The Activities of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine in the Field of Migration through the Prism of the Case Law of the European Court of Human Rights
items: Rulings on the Appointment of an Expert Examination in Civil Cases as a Subject of Appeal
items: Enhancement of the Civil Legislation of Ukraine on Assisted Reproductive Technologies in Accordance with the EU Legal Standards
items: Effectiveness of Economic Justice as a Multidimensional Legal Category
items: Reforming State Pension and Social Insurance Funds as a Direction for Optimising the State’s Financial Resources
items: The Procedural Construction of Obtaining Readings from Technical Devices and Technical Means: Systemic Contradictions and Functional Capacity
items: Digitalisation of Mechanisms for Ensuring Access to Public Information under the Conditions of the Transformation of Public Administration in Ukraine
items: Conceptual Foundations of Mechanisms for Public Management of the Educational Potential of Local Communities
items: Choice of Law in Employment Relations Involving Foreign Element: Problems of Current Regulation and Prospects for Modernisation of Ukrainian Private Law

Ethical Standards of the National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine
type: item
description: The article examines the ethical standards governing the activities of the National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine (NABU) as a multi-level and dynamic phenomenon that cannot be reduced solely to the provisions of its departmental code of ethics. It is substantiated that the effectiveness of the state’s anti-corruption policy depends directly not only on the powers and resources of specialised bodies, but also on the consistency with which these bodies adhere to the integrity standards they are called upon to uphold in society. The normative basis of NABU’s ethical standards is analysed. It comprises the Law of Ukraine “On Prevention of Corruption”, the Law of Ukraine “On the National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine”, and the departmental Code of Professional Ethics for NABU Employees, which elaborates on general legislative provisions in light of the specific nature of law enforcement activities. The institutional and technical level of integrity assurance is examined. It is underpinned by a certified anti-corruption management system compliant with the international standard ISO 37001:2016, as well as specific institutional mechanisms, including the internal control unit, the annual independent external evaluation of the Bureau’s performance, and the competitive selection procedure for detectives. Particular attention is paid to the events of July 2025 concerning the adoption and subsequent repeal of legislative restrictions on the independence of NABU and the Specialised Anti-Corruption Prosecutor’s Office (SAPO), which revealed the structural vulnerability of the guarantees of NABU’s independence to abrupt legislative changes. Based on a comparison of these events with sociological data from the Razumkov Centre and the National Agency on Corruption Prevention for 2022–2025, the author substantiates a three-level model of NABU’s ethical infrastructure, combining normative and declarative, institutional and procedural, and reputational and communicative dimens…
subject: Law
  topic: section
subject: National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine
  topic: keywords
subject: ethical standards
  topic: keywords
subject: integrity
  topic: keywords
subject: anti-corruption policy
  topic: keywords
subject: independence of anti-corruption bodies
  topic: keywords
subject: institutional trust
  topic: keywords
subject: compliance
  topic: keywords
subject: code of professional ethics
  topic: keywords
creator: Halyna VALCHYSHYN
creator: Oleksandr ZAGURSKYY
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Halyna VALCHYSHYN, Oleksandr ZAGURSKYY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-29
publication date: 2025-12-29
starting page: 104
ending page: 117
doi: 10.37491/UNZ.107.8

Economic Status and Forms of Economic Activity of National Minorities of Podillia in the Context of the Policy of Indigenization in the 1920s–1930s
type: item
description: The specifics of interethnic relations and the everyday life of ethnic communities in Podillia have been studied, which allows evaluating the practical steps of the party and state leadership of the 1920s–1930s in regulating the region's economic life, particularly for the Jewish and Polish populations. It is shown that within the framework of the policy of indigenization, the Soviet authorities sought to involve national minorities in active participation in the processes of socialist construction. A transformation of the worldview orientations of the Polish population regarding their own national identity, caused by the fear of repression and discriminatory practices by the state, has been recorded. The complex socio-economic conditions of existence of a significant part of the Jewish population of the cities and towns of Podillia are highlighted. Using materials from individual districts, the results of surveys of the Jewish population and the formation of its social structure, which differed significantly in terms of professional affiliation and level of material security, were traced. The social structure of the Polish national minority is separately characterized, with the bulk consisting of poor and middle-class strata. At the same time, only a small part of the so-called «barrier nobility» was attributed to the kulak stratum. The formation of cooperative forms of management, particularly agricultural collectives, is analyzed due to low land availability and a shortage of working livestock on the farms of national minorities. Under these conditions, the executive authorities of the Shepetivsky district developed recommendations for the implementation of collective land use. Despite their absence, the first Jewish artels emerged in Ostropol and Krasylivskyi districts. Despite their absence, the first Jewish artels emerged in Ostropol and Krasylivka districts. The causes of conflict relations between the local population and Jewish colonists, which manifested t…
subject: Economics
  topic: section
subject: національні меншини
  topic: keywords
subject: Центральна комісія національних меншин
  topic: keywords
subject: коренізація
  topic: keywords
subject: працевлаштування
  topic: keywords
subject: артілі
  topic: keywords
subject: кооперативи
  topic: keywords
creator: Leonid MISINKEVYCH
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Serhii VOLKOTRUB https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-29
publication date: 2025-12-29
starting page: 118
ending page: 132
doi: 10.37491/UNZ.107.9

Invalidity of a Subsequent Will: A Legislative Paradox through the Prism of the Theory of Legal Transactions
type: item
description: The article is devoted to the theoretical and legal analysis of the consequences of declaring a subsequent will invalid through the prism of the general theory of legal transactions. The relevance of the topic is due to a doctrinal paradox: under Part 4 of Art. 1254 of the Civil Code of Ukraine (as well as Part 4 of Art. 1750 of the Draft of the updated Civil Code of Ukraine), the annulment of a subsequent will restores the validity of the previous one only in exceptional cases of defects of will. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the logical contradiction between the specified selective approach of the legislator and the principles of private law, as well as to develop a model for resolving this legal conflict. As a result of the study, it is proven that the current regulation artificially transforms inheritance by will into inheritance by law, which violates the presumption of lawfulness of a legal transaction. From the standpoint of civil doctrine, it is substantiated that an invalid transaction as a legal fiction should not produce any legal consequences from the moment of its commission, including the revocation of a prior expression of will. At the same time, the analysis of the legal positions of the Supreme Court revealed a critical detachment of judicial practice from this theory: the courts strictly adhere to the letter of the law, which leads to negative consequences and preservation of the legislative paradox. The critical risks are proven under which, due to formal procedural violations, property passes to persons whom the testator consistently tried to exclude from inheritance. Proposals de lege ferenda regarding the improvement of rule-making technique are formulated. The necessity of eliminating the conflict by introducing a unified norm providing for the unconditional restoration of the validity of a previous testamentary disposition in case of invalidity of a subsequent will is substantiated, which will ensure compliance with the princi…
subject: Law
  topic: section
subject: legal transaction
  topic: keywords
subject: conditions of validity of a legal transaction
  topic: keywords
subject: will
  topic: keywords
subject: declaration of a will as invalid
  topic: keywords
subject: subsequent will
  topic: keywords
subject: recodification of civil legislation
  topic: keywords
creator: Yuri O. ZAIKA
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-08-19
publication date: 2026-08-19
starting page: 125
ending page: 138
doi: 10.37491/UNZ.112.8

The Role of the Non-Governmental Sector of the Social Security System in the Provision of Social Services under Modern Conditions
type: item
description: The current state, challenges, and prospects for engaging the non-governmental sector in the provision of social services in territorial communities of Ukraine amid decentralisation, social protection reform, and the full-scale war are examined. The legal framework governing the participation of non-governmental providers in the social services system and the principal mechanisms of their cooperation with local self-government bodies are analysed, including social contracting, public procurement, social project competitions, and public-private partnerships. It is established that, despite the legally recognised equal status of service providers regardless of their form of ownership, state and municipal institutions continue to dominate the social services system, while the potential of non-governmental organisations remains underutilised. Significant territorial disparities in the involvement of non-governmental providers and limited access to their services in small urban and rural communities are identified. The particular role of non-governmental organisations in providing scarce and specialised social services, responding promptly to emerging social challenges, and mobilising non-budgetary resources is highlighted. The main barriers to the development of the non-governmental sector are identified, including unstable funding, deficiencies in the social contracting mechanism, unequal operating conditions for municipal and non-governmental providers, the absence of state standards for certain social services, problems with tariff setting, inadequate assessment of the population’s needs, and disparities in the financial and administrative capacity of territorial communities. The necessity of completing the development of state standards for social services, improving social contracting procedures, introducing advance payments and multi-year contracts, enhancing the assessment of the population’s needs, and strengthening public accountability of local self-government…
subject: Public Administration
  topic: section
subject: social services
  topic: keywords
subject: non-governmental sector
  topic: keywords
subject: social service providers
  topic: keywords
subject: public administration
  topic: keywords
subject: territorial community
  topic: keywords
subject: social contracting
  topic: keywords
subject: register of providers
  topic: keywords
subject: decentralisation
  topic: keywords
subject: social policy
  topic: keywords
subject: civil society organisations
  topic: keywords
subject: martial law
  topic: keywords
creator: Natalia MARTYNIUK
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-08-20
publication date: 2025-08-20
starting page: 98
ending page: 106
doi: 10.37491/UNZ.105.7

Organisational and Managerial Mechanism for the Provision of Social Services under Contemporary Conditions
type: item
description: The article examines the organisational and managerial mechanism for the provision of social services in the context of the decentralisation of public administration and the transformation of Ukraine’s social protection system. The relevance of the study is driven by the need to enhance the effectiveness of local self-government bodies in ensuring the accessibility, quality, targeting, and continuity of social services, particularly under martial law, the growing number of vulnerable population groups, and the increased responsibility of territorial communities for implementing state social policy at the local level. The purpose of the study is to provide a theoretical substantiation of the essence, content, and structure of the organisational and managerial mechanism for the provision of social services in territorial communities, to identify its key components, and to develop practical directions for improving the functioning of the local social service delivery system. The methodological framework of the research is based on general scientific and special research methods, including the systems approach, structural-functional analysis, logical analysis, generalisation, and graphical modelling, which made it possible to comprehensively examine the management mechanism for the provision of social services. The study generalises scientific approaches to the interpretation of the concept of social services, systematises their functions, identifies the specific features of the social service delivery system in territorial communities, and substantiates the definition of the organisational and managerial mechanism for the provision of social services. A structural model of the mechanism has been developed, incorporating interconnected elements such as principles, objectives, subjects, objects, management functions, methods, levers, instruments, resource support, and expected performance outcomes. The content of each component of the mechanism is described, and the mana…
subject: Public Administration
  topic: section
subject: public administration
  topic: keywords
subject: social services
  topic: keywords
subject: organisational and managerial mechanism
  topic: keywords
subject: system
  topic: keywords
subject: territorial community
  topic: keywords
subject: social protection
  topic: keywords
creator: Tetiana TERESHCHENKO
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-08-13
publication date: 2025-08-13
starting page: 81
ending page: 97
doi: 10.37491/UNZ.105.6

Digitisation of Corporate Shares and Shareholders’ Validation in Limited Liability and Additional Liability Companies
type: item
description: This article examines the evolution of the registration of corporate shares held by participants in limited liability companies in Ukraine. It analyses historical methods of recording rights to shares — from including information in the articles of association and the memorandum of association, to maintaining the company’s internal register, up to the introduction of the Unified State Register of Legal Entities, Individual Entrepreneurs, and Public Organisations. Based on an analysis of legislation and academic sources, this paper examines two methods of accounting for LLC members’ equity interests and identifies the prerequisites for implementing the Central Securities Depository’s equity interest accounting system, as well as its advantages and disadvantages. The introduction in Ukraine of the ability to record shares in limited liability companies (LLCs) and joint-stock companies (JSCs) in the Central Securities Depository system is atypical for the traditional European model of depository accounting, which is focused on the recording of securities. An analysis of Regulation (EU) No. 909/2014, as well as materials from ESMA and ECSDA, did not reveal a unified mechanism within the EU acquis for the depositary accounting of corporate shares in companies that are not securities. Therefore, the Ukrainian model should be viewed as a specific approach to utilising depository infrastructure to mitigate the risks of unauthorised alterations to information about corporate shareholders and to strengthen the protection of corporate property. The article explains the procedure for transferring share records to the depository system, the functioning of participant accounts and escrow accounts, the conduct of electronic general meetings. The legal status of information from the share registration system that is deemed reliable and may be used in disputes with third parties is examined. A conflict is identified between the provisions of legislation on state registration and tho…
subject: Law
  topic: section
subject: corporate share
  topic: keywords
subject: share registration system
  topic: keywords
subject: depository system
  topic: keywords
subject: corporate law
  topic: keywords
subject: limited liability company
  topic: keywords
subject: Central Depository
  topic: keywords
subject: protection of property rights against raiding
  topic: keywords
subject: digitisation of corporate law
  topic: keywords
creator: Liudmyla KOLISNYK
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-25
publication date: 2025-12-25
starting page: 119
ending page: 139
doi: 10.37491/UNZ.108.8

Unification of the Supreme Court’s Case Law on Methods and Rules of Legal Interpretation
type: item
description: The article addresses the unification of the case law of the Supreme Court concerning the methods and canons of legal interpretation as a means of ensuring the consistency of judicial practice in civil and commercial proceedings. The scholarly problem lies in the fact that the insufficient consistency of judicial practice has traditionally been regarded as a substantial deficiency of the domestic legal system, one manifestation of which is the unpredictability with which the courts form and modify their case law, while the question of the legal significance of the methodological statements of the Court of Cassation remains unresolved. The purpose of the article is to determine whether the Supreme Court is able to unify judicial practice in the use of methods and canons of legal interpretation and, if so, in what manner. Drawing on an analysis of the case law of the Supreme Court, the author demonstrates that the recourse of the Court of Cassation to interpretive methodology remains inconsistent and unpredictable, whereas the choice of a particular method of interpretation directly determines the outcome of the dispute and is capable of reversing it. The article examines how the methods and canons of interpretation relate to the notion of a conclusion on the application of legal rules within the meaning of Article 236(4) of the Commercial Procedure Code of Ukraine and Article 263(4) of the Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine. It is established that the division of a court’s statements into ratio decidendi and dictum, borrowed from the law of common law countries, has to a certain extent been adopted by the Supreme Court, yet it provides no unequivocal answer to the question raised, either in domestic or in American doctrine. The author argues that although the methodological statements of the court of cassation are ordinarily attributed to the reasoning underlying a legal position, an individual statement of this kind may simultaneously constitute a conclusion on the app…
subject: Law
  topic: section
creator: Illia OZADOVSKYI
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-25
publication date: 2025-12-25
starting page: 103
ending page: 118
doi: 10.37491/UNZ.108.7

Using Open Science Infrastructure in Contemporary Analytical Education
type: item
description: The article presents proposals for using the resources and services of the National Repository of Academic Texts (NRAT) to support the development of analytical education. It demonstrates how the existing capabilities of the national NRAT research platform can be employed throughout the full cycle of scientific inquiry: in working with data, conducting research, disseminating results through scholarly publications, carrying out research evaluation, research valorisation, data reuse, and generating new knowledge. This comprehensive and systematic approach differs from a fragmented model in which students engage only with publications as publicly available accounts of research findings and are, in effect, detached from the practical processes of research itself. Through NRAT, anyone can gain access to research outputs and independently explore, using authentic rather than specially prepared teaching materials, how hypotheses are formulated, scientific conclusions are drawn, the data underlying those conclusions, how expert review is conducted, and what constitutes ethical scholarly discussion. The article demonstrates how open scholarly texts, open data, open peer review, and tools for communicating and promoting research can be used to develop students’ analytical thinking, research skills, and evidence-based thinking. Unlike publications that focus on individual elements of open science, such as repositories, open datasets, or open peer review, this article proposes considering their potential in an integrated manner and incorporating them effectively into analytical education at all stages and levels of study, from undergraduate education to postgraduate and doctoral training. In this context, the NRAT web portal and its services are viewed not merely as elements of digital infrastructure, but as effective tools for fostering analytical thinking.
subject: Science in Context
  topic: section
subject: open science
  topic: keywords
subject: open access
  topic: keywords
subject: open research e-infrastructure
  topic: keywords
subject: open peer review
  topic: keywords
subject: science communication
  topic: keywords
subject: research evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: scholarly communication
  topic: keywords
subject: research data
  topic: keywords
subject: repository
  topic: keywords
subject: peer review
  topic: keywords
subject: valorisation
  topic: keywords
subject: analytical education
  topic: keywords
subject: critical thinking
  topic: keywords
subject: research-based learning
  topic: keywords
subject: problem-based learning
  topic: keywords
subject: teaching
  topic: keywords
creator: Olena CHMYR
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 147
ending page: 167
doi: 10.37491/UNZ.111.9

High-Level Public Officials of Ukraine as Subjects of Legal Liability
type: item
description: The study provides a comprehensive analysis of the legal status and specific features of the legal liability of high-level public officials in Ukraine. The relevance of the research stems from significant contradictions, terminological discrepancies, and gaps in the legislation (specifically within the Criminal Code of Ukraine, the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, the Code of Administrative Offences of Ukraine, and the Law «On Prevention of Corruption») when defining the circle of persons who hold particularly responsible positions, are prominent public figures, or other senior officials. It is established that the lack of a single, unified approach to defining the scope of senior officials negatively impacts the quality of law enforcement and criminal prosecution, as well as the proper financial monitoring of these officials. The relevant definitions are analysed through the prism of six fundamental legal requirements, namely: restrictions on holding the respective positions, enhanced integrity screening, increased administrative and criminal liability, special disciplinary liability, provision of state protection, and special procedures for holding them liable. Attention is paid to the provisions of Directive (EU) 2015/849 on the prevention of the use of the financial system for the purposes of money laundering or terrorist financing and Directive (EU) 2026/1021 on combating corruption. The research highlights a systemic issue regarding the absence of a disciplinary liability framework for over 40 categories of senior officials. The study specifically examines the procedural aspects of criminal proceedings, focusing on contradictions in determining investigative jurisdiction between the norms of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine and the Law «On the State Bureau of Investigation». It is noted that removing ordinary positions from the category of high-level public officials requires establishing a distinct qualifying offense for individuals performing judici…
subject: Law
  topic: section
creator: Mykola KHAVRONIUK
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-08-04
publication date: 2026-08-04
starting page: 79
ending page: 90
doi: 10.37491/UNZ.112.5

Proceedings Concerning the Application of Criminal Measures to a Legal Entity: Special Procedural Form, Representation and Judicial Control
type: item
description: Law of Ukraine No. 4111–IX of 4 December 2024 introduced Chapter 37-1 into the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine and created a special procedural regime for applying criminal-law measures to legal entities on the grounds set out in Article 96-3(2) of the Criminal Code, alongside the general procedure applicable to the grounds in Article 96-3(1). The article addresses three interrelated questions: whether Chapter 37-1 amounts to an autonomous special procedural form; what minimum standard of procedural status, representation and defence of a legal entity is required in the light of the European Convention on Human Rights, EU law and comparative experience; and what criteria of legal certainty, proportionality and judicial control should govern interim restrictions, agreements and the temporal operation of the 2024 amendments. Methodologically, the study combines systemic, formal-legal and functional comparative analysis, with primary emphasis on the case law of the ECtHR, the Court of Justice of the European Union, the US Supreme Court, the UK Supreme Court, the German Federal Constitutional Court, the Spanish Supreme Court, and relevant French judicial and quasi-judicial materials. It also includes a provision-by-provision comparison of Articles 483-1 to 483-22 of the CPC of Ukraine with analogous institutions of the general procedure, making it possible to distinguish justified special rules from legislative solutions that dilute procedural safeguards. The article argues that Chapter 37-1 constitutes a special procedural form for proceedings based on Article 96-3(2) of the Criminal Code, but that its current design is only partially integrated into the general architecture of criminal procedure. The most vulnerable elements are not the formal linkage of the commencement of the special track to a prosecutor’s decision or a court ruling as such, but the absence of externally verifiable safeguards against de facto proceedings concerning a legal entity outside the spe…
subject: Law
  topic: section
creator: Oleksandr DROZDOV
creator: Mykhailo KARPENKO
creator: Olena DROZDOVA
creator: Olga PANCHENKO
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-08-04
publication date: 2026-08-04
starting page: 42
ending page: 78
doi: 10.37491/UNZ.112.4

The Concept of Sexual Corruption
type: item
description: This article develops a doctrinal concept of sexual corruption as a derivative form of corrupt interaction with a distinct structure suitable for criminal-law analysis, and distinguishes it from sextortion, which, in its literal and etymologically determined sense, denotes an information-based form of sexual blackmail. The analysis proceeds from the premise that the broad and heterogeneous use of the concept of corruption creates both a risk of unjustifiably subsuming diverse sexualised wrongs within its scope and a risk of unduly reducing corruption to pecuniary bribery. Sexually significant conduct may perform different functions: it may constitute the content of unwanted conduct, form the subject matter of a demand, serve as a resource in a blackmail threat, or amount to a sexually significant unlawful advantage in a corrupt exchange. It is the latter function that determines the corrupt character of the phenomenon under examination. The analysis further shows that sextortion, understood as information-based sexual blackmail, is characterised by a threat to disclose intimate materials or information intended to subordinate the victim’s will and compel conduct dictated by the perpetrator. Equating sextortion with sexual corruption is therefore methodologically unsound, since the two phenomena differ, at a minimum, in the source of unlawful influence, the function of the sexual component, the mechanism of the wrongdoing, and the purpose underlying the victim’s conduct. In sexual corruption, the source of influence lies in power, influence, or an institutionally controlled resource, whereas the sexually significant unlawful advantage functions as the counter-performance for a distinct institutionally significant benefit, decision, advantage, protection, or the improper non-application of a measure that ought lawfully to be applied. The retention, continuation, or restoration of access falls within this model only where it requires a fresh and independent institution…
subject: Law
  topic: section
subject: corrupt exchange
  topic: keywords
subject: information-based sexual blackmail
  topic: keywords
subject: institutionally significant benefit
  topic: keywords
subject: sextortion
  topic: keywords
subject: sexual corruption
  topic: keywords
subject: sexually significant unlawful advantage
  topic: keywords
creator: Viacheslav HLADKY
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Viacheslav HLADKY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-08-04
publication date: 2026-08-04
starting page: 91
ending page: 113
doi: 10.37491/UNZ.112.6

Tactics of Conducting Investigative (Search) Actions of Presentation to Identify Various Objects in the Conditions of the Legal Regime of Martial State
type: item
description: The scientific articles analyse the problems of using tactical features in the process of cognition of various objects during the investigation of war and other crimes under the legal regime of martial law. The advantages of various types of prediction for cognition in the process of investigating war and other crimes are argued as one of the key investigative (detective) actions during the pre-trial investigation of the specified crimes on hot pursuit. It is noted that the long-term investigative practice of predicting various objects for cognition in the extreme conditions of armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine gives rise to several tactical features in the process of implementing various types of cognition, determined by both subjective and objective factors. The features of the tactics and advantages of prediction for the recognition of a person are analysed in detail, which makes it possible to comprehensively use both static and dynamic, as well as social and accompanying signs of an external person for their identification and identification, which leads to the procedure of pre-trial investigation of war and other crimes by promptly establishing and bringing to criminal responsibility those responsible for their cleansing. The need for the use of remote recognition of a person in the videoconference mode is argued, especially in the conditions of the aggressive war of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, when a person cannot be present at the place of the pre-trial investigation due to injuries, treatment, rehabilitation and other serious reasons. The work analyses the tactical features of prediction for the recognition of unidentified corpses and their parts, which significantly accelerates and facilitates the conduct of molecular genetic examination by creating appropriate conditions for the final identification of the deceased. The tactical features of other types of recognition (of things, animals, their corpses, etc.) in the con…
subject: Law
  topic: section
subject: presentation for identification
  topic: keywords
subject: forensic tactics
  topic: keywords
subject: investigative (search) action
  topic: keywords
subject: martial law
  topic: keywords
subject: forensic identification
  topic: keywords
subject: forensic examination
  topic: keywords
subject: criminal proceedings
  topic: keywords
subject: pre-trial investigation
  topic: keywords
subject: criminal offence
  topic: keywords
subject: war crime
  topic: keywords
subject: suspect
  topic: keywords
subject: subject of crime
  topic: keywords
creator: Oleh HANBA
creator: Nataliia RADCHENIA
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-25
publication date: 2026-06-25
starting page: 27
ending page: 41
doi: 10.37491/UNZ.112.3

Implementation of Foreign Models of Social Policy into the System of Administration of Social Services at the Municipal Level in Ukraine
type: item
description: The article examines the administration of social services at the municipal level in the context of the transformation of Ukraine’s public administration system. The relevance of the topic is determined by the processes of power decentralisation, which transferred a significant share of responsibilities in the field of social protection directly to territorial communities, as well as by the challenges posed by the full-scale war and the significant increase in the number of vulnerable population groups. Under these conditions, the search for effective management mechanisms for organising social services at the local level and the use of best international practices become particularly important. The study clarifies the concept of «administration of social services,» interpreted as a set of managerial, organisational, financial, and control mechanisms for planning, coordination, financing, provision, and evaluation of social services within a community. The main models of social policy in world practice are analysed, including the liberal, conservative-corporatist, and social-democratic models, and their key characteristics, advantages, and limitations, in the context of possible application in Ukraine, are identified. It is established that implementing any model in its «pure» form is impossible due to differences in socio-economic conditions and institutional features of state development. The expediency of applying a convergent approach to the modernisation of municipal administration of social services is substantiated, which involves combining instruments from different social policy models. The key directions of such transformation include developing social contracting mechanisms and involving the non-governmental sector; diversifying funding sources for social programs; digitalising management processes; implementing systems to monitor service quality; and introducing individual case management. The implementation of the proposed management mechanisms will con…
subject: Public Administration
  topic: section
subject: social services
  topic: keywords
subject: administration of social services
  topic: keywords
subject: municipal level
  topic: keywords
subject: local self-government bodies
  topic: keywords
subject: social policy
  topic: keywords
subject: foreign experience
  topic: keywords
subject: implementation
  topic: keywords
subject: decentralisation
  topic: keywords
subject: public administration
  topic: keywords
subject: territorial community
  topic: keywords
creator: Natalia MARTYNYUK
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-04-28
publication date: 2025-04-28
starting page: 67
ending page: 79
doi: 10.37491/UNZ.104.6

Factors Transforming the Contemporary International Legal Order
type: item
description: The article examines the principal factors driving the transformation of the contemporary international legal order amid profound changes in the global security, political, economic, and technological environment. It argues that the full-scale armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine has become a catalyst for reassessing the effectiveness of existing mechanisms for ensuring international legality and compliance with the fundamental principles of international law enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations and other universal international legal instruments. The authors demonstrate that the current transformation of the international legal order does not involve a revision of its normative foundations but rather the emergence of new institutional, legal, and organisational mechanisms designed to ensure the effective implementation of international legal norms. The article identifies and systematises the principal structural factors shaping the transformation of the international legal order, including changes in the global security environment, geopolitical fragmentation, climate change and the development of international environmental law, the expansion of international sanctions regimes, digitalisation and the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence, as well as the evolving role of international courts and arbitral institutions. It further demonstrates the interrelationship between these factors and their cumulative impact on the development of contemporary international legal regulation. Particular attention is devoted to the analysis of emerging international legal mechanisms developed in response to current global challenges, including international sanctions regimes, compensation mechanisms, special tribunals, international damage registers, compliance procedures, due diligence mechanisms, advisory opinions of international judicial institutions, and the practice of international commercial and investment arbitration. The article sub…
subject: International Law
  topic: section
subject: international law
  topic: keywords
subject: international security
  topic: keywords
subject: sanctions
  topic: keywords
subject: geopolitical fragmentation
  topic: keywords
subject: digitalisation
  topic: keywords
subject: international arbitration
  topic: keywords
subject: international judicial institutions
  topic: keywords
subject: international responsibility
  topic: keywords
creator: Oleksandr KRUPCHAN
creator: Volodymyr NAHNYBIDA
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 99
ending page: 118
doi: 10.37491/UNZ.110.8

A Child as a Subject of Legal Relations in the Sphere of Organ Transplantation
type: item
description: The article is devoted to the study of organ transplantation involving children, in particular to determining their legal status as recipients and donors, as well as examining the ethical and legal issues arising in this field. The paper analyses the normative definition of the concept of a «child» in various legal acts and examines the principle of the best interests of the child as a fundamental basis for regulating medical legal relations. It is established that organ transplantation involving children constitutes a complex multidimensional legal institution that combines medical, ethical, and legal aspects and therefore requires particularly balanced legal regulation. The study reveals that when a child acts as a recipient, the legislation provides for the child’s priority right to receive donor organs, as well as the mandatory requirement of informed consent from parents or other legal representatives, except in emergencies that pose an immediate threat to life. It is established that Ukrainian legislation prohibits living organ donation by minors, except for hematopoietic stem cell donation in cases expressly provided by law and subject to strict legal conditions. Such an approach is justified by the need to ensure the highest level of protection of the child’s life and health. Particular attention is paid to the ethical challenges of modern transplantation medicine, including the practice of conceiving children for subsequent donation. It is argued that such a practice contradicts the principle of respect for the dignity of the child and cannot be considered acceptable from the perspective of contemporary law and bioethics. The article also examines the peculiarities of posthumous donation involving children. The study identifies gaps in legal regulation, particularly concerning the prohibition on the removal of anatomical materials from orphans, children deprived of parental care, and unidentified persons. The author proposes the introduction of a special le…
subject: Law
  topic: section
subject: child
  topic: keywords
subject: child as a subject of legal relations
  topic: keywords
subject: minor
  topic: keywords
subject: right to healthcare
  topic: keywords
subject: organ transplantation
  topic: keywords
subject: legal capacity
  topic: keywords
subject: best interests of the child
  topic: keywords
subject: legal representatives
  topic: keywords
creator: Halyna ANIKINA
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-21
publication date: 2026-06-21
starting page: 6
ending page: 16
doi: 10.37491/UNZ.112.1

The Genesis of the Institutionalization of Self-Government at the Regional Level in Ukraine
type: item
description: The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the theoretical, historical, and legal foundations for determining the essence of self-government at the regional level in Ukraine. The relevance of the topic is driven by the need to reconsider the role of regional councils in the system of public administration under the conditions of post-war recovery and European integration. The study provides a retrospective analysis of the genesis of the regulatory and legal framework for self-government at the regional (oblast) level, beginning with the proclamation of Ukraine’s independence. The key stages in the transformation of the legal status of self-government bodies at the meso-level are identified, from the Soviet model of centralisation to the modern decentralised system. The authors argue that the nature of self-government at the regional level in Ukraine is dualistic, combining features of territorial representation of community interests and elements of «public-service» activity. The article critically analyses scholarly approaches to distinguishing between the concepts of regional self-government and self-government at the regional level and substantiates the expediency of further strengthening the latter as a specific form of implementing the collective will of regional communities, particularly in the context of the concept of multilevel governance. The article clarifies the conceptual and categorical framework and substantiates the necessity of building a model of self-government at the regional level based on the principles of subsidiarity, Open Governance, and institutional capacity. It is concluded that the harmonisation of national legislation with the requirements of the regional policy of the European Union is a strategic imperative.
subject: Public Administration
  topic: section
subject: self-government at the regional level
  topic: keywords
subject: regional council
  topic: keywords
subject: public administration
  topic: keywords
subject: decentralization
  topic: keywords
subject: subsidiarity
  topic: keywords
subject: institutional capacity
  topic: keywords
subject: European integration
  topic: keywords
subject: multilevel governance
  topic: keywords
creator: Iryna KOVTUN
creator: Oleksandra KOVTUN
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Iryna KOVTUN, Oleksandra KOVTUN https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 130
ending page: 146
doi: 10.37491/UNZ.111.8

The Concept of a Database as an Object of Copyright in the EU
type: item
description: The article examines the characteristics of a database as an object of copyright in the EU. The relevance of the study stems from the fact that Ukrainian legal doctrine addresses the legal protection of databases in the EU without taking into account the case law of the European Court of Justice, resulting in an incomplete legal characterisation of a database as an object of copyright. The need for this study is also explained by the general necessity of taking into account the rulings of the European Court of Justice, which interpret the provisions of the directives and define the specifics of their application, when adapting national legislation to the EU acquis. In light of this, the purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of databases as objects of copyright in the EU, based on the provisions of Directive 96/9 on the legal protection of databases and the rulings of the European Court of Justice regarding the substance of these provisions. The article consistently outlines the content of the Directive’s provisions and the interpretations provided by the European Court of Justice regarding the following aspects: the classification of a database as a collection of independent materials that can be separated from one another without affecting their value; the classification of a database as a systematic or methodical arrangement of data that provides individual access to each data item; the criterion of originality as a condition for a database to be eligible for copyright protection; the extension of protection solely to the result of the arrangement of data and the absence of any restriction on existing rights relating to the content of the database; the independence of copyright protection for a database from the authorship of the materials included in it; the independence of copyright protection for a database from the type, nature, content, or any other characteristics of the materials included in the database. The article emphasises that t…
subject: Law
  topic: section
subject: database
  topic: keywords
subject: European Union law
  topic: keywords
subject: European Court of Justice
  topic: keywords
subject: copyright
  topic: keywords
subject: intellectual property law
  topic: keywords
creator: Anna SHTEFAN
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Anna SHTEFAN https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-08-06
publication date: 2026-08-06
starting page: 114
ending page: 124
doi: 10.37491/UNZ.112.7

Digital Transformation of Public Service as a Tool for De-Shadowing the Economy and Ensuring Border Security in Ukraine
type: item
description: The article examines the impact of the digitalisation of public services on the effectiveness of the national security system. The introduction of innovative digital tools into the activities of border authorities is considered a strategic priority for protecting state borders. The role of digital competencies of employees in ensuring the resilience of state institutions to hybrid threats is analysed. It is determined that the digital transformation of public administration is a critical factor in protecting national interests, which ensures the speed of decision-making, transparency of processes and integration into the international security space. Particular attention is paid to the use of artificial intelligence technologies, big data analysis (Big Data) and biometric identification to predict security risks. It is important to counteract cyber threats and ensure high-quality, uninterrupted functioning and restoration of digital assets due to external interference or destruction, which, for the border security of Ukraine, is currently one of the strategic priorities. The international experience of implementing integrated border management (IBM) systems is analysed, in particular, the standards of the EU and the Frontex agency. The European model, which complies with EU standards and Frontex guidelines, is the most acceptable model for transforming the concept and system of national security, particularly in terms of strengthening border security. It has been determined that the integration of innovative solutions into the work of public servants increases the efficiency of responding to hybrid threats and ensures the digital sovereignty of the state in the face of global challenges. The digital transformation of the public service requires the parallel development of cyber resilience. The protection of state registers should be considered not only as a technical task, but as a strategic condition for preserving state sovereignty in the information sphere. It ha…
subject: Public Administration
  topic: section
subject: border security
  topic: keywords
subject: national security
  topic: keywords
subject: integrated border management
  topic: keywords
subject: public service
  topic: keywords
subject: public administration
  topic: keywords
subject: digitalisation
  topic: keywords
subject: digital transformation
  topic: keywords
subject: cyber resilience
  topic: keywords
subject: artificial intelligence
  topic: keywords
creator: Inna SHEVCHUK
creator: Vitaliy DANCHEV
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Інна ШЕВЧУК, Віталій ДАНЧЄВ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 120
ending page: 129
doi: 10.37491/UNZ.111.7

Digitalisation of the Public Management System of Border Security as a Factor in Optimising Management Decisions in the Field of National Security
type: item
description: The article examines the role and significance of digitalisation in the transformation of the public management system of border security. The authors substantiates that the introduction of the latest digital technologies (AI, Big Data, automated risk analysis systems) is a determining factor in optimising public management decisions. The authors emphasise that digitalisation changes the traditional cycle of management decision-making and includes the following interrelated stages: automated information collection; analytical processing and risk assessment; formation of alternative management decision options. Strengthening the use of decision support systems (Decision Support Systems, DSS) and the implementation of management decisions and monitoring results. The transition from traditional control models to data-driven management (Data-driven decision making), which allows minimising corruption risks and the human factor, is considered. Particular attention is paid to the integration of border components within a single digital space, which contributes to increasing the effectiveness of responding to hybrid threats. It is proven that the digitalisation of the management process at the border directly strengthens the national security of the state by strengthening economic stability and territorial integrity. The results of the study suggest recommendations for further improvement of digital tools in the activities of public authorities, in particular, to expand the use of artificial intelligence technologies and predictive analytics to predict the risks of cross-border crime and optimize control procedures; to strengthen the implementation of control models based on risk assessment; to ensure cybersecurity of digital border management systems; to improve digital accountability and audit systems that will ensure full transparency and traceability of management decisions and increase the level of trust in public institutions.
subject: Public Administration
  topic: section
subject: public administration
  topic: keywords
subject: digitalisation
  topic: keywords
subject: management decision
  topic: keywords
subject: border security
  topic: keywords
subject: national security
  topic: keywords
subject: hybrid threats
  topic: keywords
subject: integrated border management
  topic: keywords
subject: digital transformation
  topic: keywords
subject: risk analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Inna SHEVCHUK
creator: Eduard SHCHEPANSKY
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Інна ШЕВЧУК, Едуард ЩЕПАНСЬКИЙ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 88
ending page: 98
doi: 10.37491/UNZ.110.7

State Policy on the Integration of Veterans into the Educational System for Preparing the Population for National Resistance
type: item
description: The article analyses the role of war veterans in the formation and development of Ukraine’s system for preparing the population for national resistance under contemporary security challenges. It substantiates that the state's sustainable development and the effectiveness of national security directly depend on the level of civic awareness, society’s readiness for collective action, and the recognition of responsibility for protecting Ukraine’s sovereignty and territorial integrity. Particular attention is paid to the socio-political and educational dimensions of national resistance, as well as to the interdisciplinary nature of preparing the civilian population to act in wartime and crises. The potential of war veterans is revealed as carriers of unique combat, social, and value-based experiences, capable of acting as key agents in the intergenerational transmission of national-patriotic and security-oriented attitudes. The article examines the legal and regulatory framework for the integration of veterans into the education sector, particularly in the context of implementing state policy on social and professional adaptation and the introduction of methodological recommendations for their employment within the education system, including positions as teachers of the subject «Defence of Ukraine.» The main advantages of involving veterans in the educational process are outlined, including enhancing the practical orientation of education, developing learners’ competencies in security, defence, and civil protection, as well as strengthening youth motivation and civic responsibility. Key limitations to the integration of veterans into pedagogical activity are identified, and ways to overcome them are proposed, including psychological support, methodological assistance, and improvement of mechanisms for evaluating the effectiveness of educational activities. The article concludes that the development of competency-based approaches to veterans’ remuneration is advisable a…
subject: Public Administration
  topic: section
subject: public administration
  topic: keywords
subject: management
  topic: keywords
subject: personnel selection
  topic: keywords
subject: local self-government bodies
  topic: keywords
subject: regional level
  topic: keywords
subject: national resistance
  topic: keywords
subject: national security
  topic: keywords
subject: war veterans
  topic: keywords
subject: veterans’ integration
  topic: keywords
subject: education system
  topic: keywords
subject: «Defence of Ukraine»
  topic: keywords
subject: civic and defence awareness
  topic: keywords
subject: civilian population training
  topic: keywords
subject: territorial defence
  topic: keywords
creator: Oksana VOZNA
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Оксана ВОЗНА https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 106
ending page: 119
doi: 10.37491/UNZ.111.6

Formation of Global HR Strategies in the Conditions of Transnationalisation of Business
type: item
description: The article explores the theoretical and practical aspects of the formation of global HR strategies in the context of business transnationalisation. The concept of transnationalisation as a defining characteristic of the current stage of globalisation development is explored, and current trends in the transnationalisation of the world economy are highlighted. It is noted that the main challenges of business transnationalisation include differences in the legal and regulatory environment of different countries, the complexity of managing and coordinating international activities, financial and political risks, increased competition in local markets, difficulties in logistical support, the need to adapt business models to local conditions, data protection, compliance with ethical norms and ensuring corporate social responsibility. The impact of globalisation processes on the transformation of HR management systems, on changing approaches to HR policy, and on strengthening the role of human capital in ensuring the competitiveness of companies in international markets is substantiated. The main factors influencing the formation of global HR strategies are identified, in particular, the digitalisation of the economy, international employee mobility, intercultural interaction, the development of talent management, and the need to adapt HR practices to the local operating conditions of international companies. Global HR strategies are systematised in the context of business transnationalisation, which contributes to a deeper understanding of the tools for ensuring the company’s competitive advantages in the conditions of a modern, integrated and high-tech economic space. Modern approaches to strategic HR management in the international business environment are characterised, and the features of combining global standardisation of HR processes with local adaptation of personnel decisions are revealed. This necessitates the need to demonstrate a high level of flexibility and…
subject: Economics
  topic: section
subject: HR strategy
  topic: keywords
subject: strategic HR management
  topic: keywords
subject: business transnationalisation
  topic: keywords
subject: globalisation
  topic: keywords
subject: global HR strategy
  topic: keywords
subject: transnational corporations
  topic: keywords
creator: Mykhailo VEDERNIKOV
creator: Oksana CHERNUSHKINA
creator: Lesia VOLIANSKA-SAVCHUK
creator: Oleksandr HORBATIUK
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Михайло ВЕДЕРНІКОВ, Оксана ЧЕРНУШКІНА, Леся ВОЛЯНСЬКА-САВЧУК, Олександр ГОРБАТЮК https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 19
ending page: 44
doi: 10.37491/UNZ.111.2

The Activities of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine in the Field of Migration through the Prism of the Case Law of the European Court of Human Rights
type: item
description: The article examines the case law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) in the field of migration and determines its significance for the operational service of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine. The relevance of the topic is due to the growing importance of international standards for the protection of human rights in conditions of military conflicts, cross-border mobility of the population and increased attention to the activities of border formations by European judicial institutions. The research is aimed at solving the scientific problem associated with migration reports that are made in the process of protecting the state border and creating the basis for applying for judicial protection. The purpose of the article is to examine the established legal positions of the ECHR, which relate to the maintenance of human rights in the migration sphere and are important for the operational service activities of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine. The decisions of the ECHR in the migration sphere are studied in the context of the implementation of national legislation and in accordance with the subject of their study — operational service activities to ensure border security. The key features of the legal doctrine based on the principle of non-refoulement are clarified. The ECHR simultaneously expands the standards of protection for various categories of migrants and considers state sovereignty in the implementation of migration control through the prism of state accountability for the maintenance of human rights. Various aspects of the legality of the detention of migrants, the conditions of their detention and the use of alternative measures, which determine the impact on national lawmaking and law enforcement activities, remain the subject of international judicial review. The legal positions of the ECHR in decisions against Ukraine are also analysed in relation to the scientific views of modern foreign researchers on the observance of human rig…
subject: Law enforcement
  topic: section
subject: State Border Service
  topic: keywords
subject: protection of human rights
  topic: keywords
subject: migration sphere
  topic: keywords
subject: protection of the state border
  topic: keywords
subject: human rights
  topic: keywords
subject: law enforcement activities
  topic: keywords
creator: Ruslan HRYNKO
creator: Mykhailo KOROL
creator: Andrii MOTA
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Руслан ГРИНЬКО, Михайло КОРОЛЬ, Андрій МОТА https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 6
ending page: 18
doi: 10.37491/UNZ.111.1

Rulings on the Appointment of an Expert Examination in Civil Cases as a Subject of Appeal
type: item
description: A ruling on the appointment of an expert examination is an independent subject of appeal. However, a cassation appeal cannot be filed separately against such a ruling. The appointment of an expert examination is one of the grounds for issuing a ruling on the suspension of proceedings in a case, which is also an independent subject of appeal. These rulings constitute separate subjects of review, each having its own scope of verification. There are frequent cases of appeals against rulings on the appointment of an expert examination on the grounds that, during the suspension of proceedings, the court collected, attached and provided the expert with new evidence for conducting the examination. The existence of such cases is caused by the courts’ incorrect interpretation of the rules on the suspension of proceedings as a procedural complication within which the appointed expert examination is conducted. To avoid such recurring judicial errors, there is a need to supplement the CPC of Ukraine with provisions stating that an expert’s motion to collect new or additional materials and samples shall be considered by the court after the suspended proceedings have been resumed. A ruling rejecting a party’s request to attach a payment document confirming payment of the cost of the expert examination and to send the case materials for examination is not an independent subject of appeal, including in cases where the party was improperly notified of the need to make such a payment. It has been established that there is no clear regulatory definition of the temporal limits for exercising the right to initiate an expert examination at the request of a party to the case, which has led to divergent judicial practice on this issue. After the opening of proceedings in a case, issues related to the need for an expert examination and the obtaining of a corresponding expert opinion should, in the author’s view, be resolved only by the court. This is due to the importance of determining the…
subject: Law
  topic: section
subject: right of appeal
  topic: keywords
subject: ruling
  topic: keywords
subject: expert examination
  topic: keywords
subject: refusal to appoint an expert examination
  topic: keywords
subject: civil proceedings
  topic: keywords
subject: judicial practice
  topic: keywords
creator: Oksana TRACH
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Oksana TRACH https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 63
ending page: 74
doi: 10.37491/UNZ.110.5

Enhancement of the Civil Legislation of Ukraine on Assisted Reproductive Technologies in Accordance with the EU Legal Standards
type: item
description: The article highlights current issues in improving the civil legislation of Ukraine on assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and its harmonisation with EU law as an important component of the European integration process. It is emphasised that, in general, the rights of individuals in the field of ART generally comply with the requirements of the Copenhagen criteria in ensuring fundamental rights and freedoms. However, due to the absence of clear procedural regulation–particularly the lack of a specialised law on ART–as well as ethical controversies and religious biases regarding parenthood and the rights of the child, there is a growing need for harmonisation with European bioethical standards as defined in the Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine (Oviedo Convention). Among the problematic aspects of the current Ukrainian legislation on ART that do not fully comply with EU legal standards are insufficient regulatory oversight of the use of embryos in research and inadequate compliance with quality and safety standards for the donation, procurement, testing, processing, preservation, storage, and distribution of reproductive tissues and cells. Another concern identified in the EU context regarding the rule of law and ethical standards in Ukraine is the insufficient protection of the rights of children born through surrogacy. This includes restrictions on their right to know their origin, which in Ukraine is limited by donor anonymity. Additionally, a problematic aspect of the current alignment of Ukrainian legislation with EU standards in the field of ART is discrimination and inconsistency with European principles of equality, as current legal norms restrict access to surrogacy programs for same-sex couples and single men. Given the EU’s emphasis on inclusivity and accessibility, such restrictions may be interpreted as discriminatory. In conclusion, the adaptation of Ukrainian legislation concerning the protection of individual rights in the field of ART, …
subject: Law
  topic: section
subject: civil law
  topic: keywords
subject: European integration
  topic: keywords
subject: EU civil law principles
  topic: keywords
subject: civil legislation of Ukraine
  topic: keywords
subject: personal non-property rights of individuals in the field of assisted reproductive technologies
  topic: keywords
subject: autonomy of will
  topic: keywords
creator: Mariia KUZENKO
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mariia KUZENKO https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 51
ending page: 62
doi: 10.37491/UNZ.110.4

Effectiveness of Economic Justice as a Multidimensional Legal Category
type: item
description: The article examines the effectiveness of commercial litigation as a multidimensional legal category to identify systemic determinants of the quality of justice, develops models for evaluating the effectiveness of commercial courts, drawing on European experience, and proposes improvements to the legal regulation of court procedures and judicial practice. It is emphasised that the effectiveness of commercial litigation is not merely a qualitative characteristic of the process. Still, an integral legal category encompassing a complex of interrelated criteria, such as legal, procedural, organisational, managerial, economic, social, etc. It is noted that the concept of the effectiveness of economic proceedings has a multidimensional meaning, which includes: the directly legal dimension — compliance with the principles of the rule of law, competition and proportionality; procedural — balance between formal guarantees and process speed; organizational and administrative — rational workload of courts, optimization of court procedures, use of electronic justice; economic — the ratio of costs and beneficial effect of court protection and socio-legal — the level of trust in the court, perception of justice and predictability of court decisions by business and society. Attention is drawn to the existence of a close connection between the efficiency of economic justice and the level of economic trust in the market, which is carried out through: ensuring the fulfilment of economic obligations and legal predictability; duration of proceedings and access to justice; organizational and technological capacity of courts, as well as due to managerial and budgetary factors that change the economic incentives of subjects of economic activity. It is concluded that the effectiveness of commercial justice in Ukraine and/or commercial justice in EU member states in terms of efficiency (time, cost, enforceability), quality (motivation, predictability), independence, digitalization, and orga…
subject: Law
  topic: section
subject: economic justice
  topic: keywords
subject: effectiveness of justice
  topic: keywords
subject: multidimensionality of effectiveness of justice
  topic: keywords
subject: economic confidence in the market
  topic: keywords
subject: economic behaviour of business entities
  topic: keywords
creator: Victoriіa RIEZNIKOVA
creator: Valentyn SHCHERBYNA
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Victoriіa RIEZNIKOVA, Valentyn SHCHERBYNA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 28
ending page: 42
doi: 10.37491/UNZ.110.2

Reforming State Pension and Social Insurance Funds as a Direction for Optimising the State’s Financial Resources
type: item
description: The scientific article examines the process of reforming state pension and social insurance funds as an important direction for optimising the state's financial resources amid modern socio-economic and military challenges. It is substantiated that the growth of social expenditures, the dispersion of financial flows across different funds, the insufficient level of coordination between them, as well as limited control over the targeted use of funds, have necessitated transforming the social insurance system. Special attention is paid to the influence of demographic, socio-economic and military factors on the functioning of the state pension and social insurance system as a whole. The prerequisites and consequences of the institutional reform, which provided for the liquidation of the Social Insurance Fund of Ukraine and the transfer of its functions to the Pension Fund of Ukraine, are described. It is established that such integration contributed to the formation of a consolidated model of state pension and social insurance administration, which allows reducing administrative costs, optimising financial resources and strengthening control over their use. The mechanisms of centralisation of financial flow management, digitalisation of processes and introduction of electronic services are analysed. It is emphasised that such an integrated model aligns with European practices for managing social insurance systems. At the same time, it was revealed that there is a regulatory inconsistency between the provisions of the Law of Ukraine «On Compulsory State Social Insurance», which provides for the functioning of the social insurance fund as a separate entity, and the actual organisational model that has developed after the reform. It is proven that the current state of legal regulation should be considered as a transitional stage that requires further harmonisation of legislation. It was determined that the priority of further reform should be the optimisation of financial …
subject: Finance, banking and insurance
  topic: section
subject: state pension insurance
  topic: keywords
subject: state social insurance
  topic: keywords
subject: pension
  topic: keywords
subject: social security
  topic: keywords
subject: social extra-budgetary funds
  topic: keywords
subject: optimisation of financial resources
  topic: keywords
subject: public finances
  topic: keywords
creator: Viktor SYNCHAK
creator: Oksana BERNAT
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Viktor SYNCHAK, Oksana BERNAT https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 6
ending page: 27
doi: 10.37491/UNZ.110.1

The Procedural Construction of Obtaining Readings from Technical Devices and Technical Means: Systemic Contradictions and Functional Capacity
type: item
description: The purpose of the article is to determine the functional role of the procedural mechanism established by Article 245-1 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine within the system of criminal evidence, to identify its internal structural contradictions, and to assess its practical effectiveness in the digital environment of criminal proceedings. The methodological basis of the research includes systemic-structural, systemic-activity, formal-legal, and praxeological methods. The study is based on the analysis of Ukrainian criminal procedural legislation, judicial practice of the Supreme Court, and the approaches developed in the case law of the European Court of Human Rights concerning interference with private life in the context of video surveillance and the collection of digital information. The study demonstrates that the procedure for obtaining data from technical devices constitutes a hybrid procedural construction aimed at transforming digital information from its original technical environment into a procedurally stabilised evidentiary object. It establishes that the effectiveness of this procedural mechanism substantially depends on the conduct of the owner or holder of the technical device, while key technological operations are delegated to a third party outside the investigator’s direct procedural control. The article identifies structural and praxeological defects of the corresponding legal model, including the absence of an effective mechanism for compulsory execution of the investigator’s order, uncertainty regarding the concept of a publicly accessible place, limited possibilities of procedural control over the copying of digital data, and insufficient regulation of mechanisms for verifying the integrity and authenticity of digital information. The research further substantiates that the examined procedural mechanism has not formed an autonomous and functionally complete model for obtaining digital evidence in criminal proceedings and remains in funct…
subject: Law
  topic: section
subject: digital evidence
  topic: keywords
subject: obtaining data from technical devices
  topic: keywords
subject: video recording
  topic: keywords
subject: publicly accessible place
  topic: keywords
subject: functional competition of procedural forms
  topic: keywords
creator: Yurii MYROSHNYCHENKO
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Yurii MYROSHNYCHENKO https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-21
publication date: 2026-06-21
starting page: 17
ending page: 26
doi: 10.37491/UNZ.112.2

Digitalisation of Mechanisms for Ensuring Access to Public Information under the Conditions of the Transformation of Public Administration in Ukraine
type: item
description: The article examines the problem of digitalisation of mechanisms for ensuring access to public information in the context of the transformation of Ukraine’s public administration system. The significance of this research stems from the necessity to ensure the openness, transparency, and accountability of public authorities in the context of the ongoing development of the digital society and the widespread adoption of e-government and digital technologies in public administration. The purpose of the article is to investigate the peculiarities of the digitalisation of mechanisms for ensuring access to public information in Ukraine, to analyse the current state of digitalisation of the information access system, and to substantiate directions for improving mechanisms for ensuring access to public information under the conditions of the digital transformation of public administration. The study analyses contemporary scientific approaches to ensuring access to public information, the digitalisation of public administration, the development of e-governance, information openness of public authorities, and the implementation of digital mechanisms of interaction between the state and citizens. The peculiarities of the use of modern information and communication technologies, electronic services, digital platforms, open data, and e-democracy tools in the activities of public authorities are examined. It has been established that contemporary scientific approaches are mainly focused on specific aspects of the digital transformation of public administration, while the issue of comprehensive digitalisation of mechanisms for ensuring access to public information requires further systematic research. The article identifies a system of mechanisms for ensuring access to public information, including legal, organisational and institutional, digital and communication, socio-participatory, personnel, and security mechanisms. Their main components and functional purposes within the publ…
subject: Public Administration
  topic: section
subject: public information
  topic: keywords
subject: access to public information
  topic: keywords
subject: public management mechanisms
  topic: keywords
subject: digitalisation
  topic: keywords
subject: digital transformation
  topic: keywords
subject: e-governance
  topic: keywords
subject: information openness
  topic: keywords
subject: open data
  topic: keywords
subject: digital maturity
  topic: keywords
subject: information rights
  topic: keywords
subject: cybersecurity
  topic: keywords
creator: Iryna PIATNYCHUK
creator: Inna SURAY
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ірина П’ЯТНИЧУК, Інна СУРАЙ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 85
ending page: 105
doi: 10.37491/UNZ.111.5

Conceptual Foundations of Mechanisms for Public Management of the Educational Potential of Local Communities
type: item
description: The conceptual and terminological framework of mechanisms for public management of the educational potential of local communities has been summarised. Scientific approaches to the interpretation of the concepts of «mechanism,» «public management,» «education,» and «educational potential» have been analysed. It is emphasised that the substantive scope of the category «public management» integrates state and municipal administration as its basic components. It is proposed that public administration mechanisms be viewed as a complex system of methods, tools, procedures, and resources with a clear legal and regulatory foundation, through which a targeted influence is exerted on administrative entities in order to address social problems and advance the public interest. The paper identifies various interpretations of the concept of education, specifically education as a value, a process, an outcome, a system, and a social institution. It is emphasised that education is an instrument of resilience in times of aggression and the main driver of Ukraine’s future recovery. The concept of education is examined as an open system with a set of specific properties that characterise its systemic nature, namely: integrity, self-organisation, resilience, nonlinearity, non-equilibrium, and complexity. It is argued that educational potential serves as a fundamental determinant of the socioeconomic progress of local communities. The paper examines research areas related to educational potential, specifically as a component of national cultural wealth; as a quantitative indicator reflecting the educational level of the workforce and changes in the complexity and quality of labour; and as a basic component of intangible capital. The use of a comprehensive approach to interpreting the concept of «mechanism of public governance of educational potential» is justified. The principles for developing the educational potential of local communities have been systematised, including: emergence, h…
subject: Public Administration
  topic: section
subject: public administration mechanisms
  topic: keywords
subject: education
  topic: keywords
subject: educational potential
  topic: keywords
subject: local community
  topic: keywords
subject: system
  topic: keywords
creator: Nadia LALUEVA
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Надія ЛАЛУЄВА https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 72
ending page: 84
doi: 10.37491/UNZ.111.4

Choice of Law in Employment Relations Involving Foreign Element: Problems of Current Regulation and Prospects for Modernisation of Ukrainian Private Law
type: item
description: The article is devoted to the issue of determining the admissibility of implementing the principle of party autonomy in employment relations with a foreign element under the current legislation of Ukraine. The relevance of the study is dictated by the absence of a unified approach in Ukrainian legal scholarship regarding the possibility of choosing the law applicable to an employment contract, as well as by the need to harmonise Ukrainian legislation with the law of the European Union. The purpose of this article is to define the content and legal nature of Part 1 of Article 52 of the Law of Ukraine «On Private International Law» and to determine whether the general provisions on the choice of law may be applied to employment contracts. The methodological basis of this article consists of the systemic, historical-legal, and comparative-legal methods, which made it possible to perform a comprehensive assessment of the current conflict-of-laws regulation, the provisions of relevant international treaties of Ukraine, and foreign legislation. Particular attention is paid to the correlation between general and special conflict-of-laws rules, as well as to the role of mandatory and/or overriding mandatory rules in ensuring the protection of employees’ rights. The analysis has shown that the current wording of Article 52 of the Law of Ukraine «On Private International Law» is mandatory in nature and does not provide for the possibility for the parties to choose the law applicable to an employment contract, except in cases expressly provided for by laws or international treaties of Ukraine. It is proven that the application of general provisions on the choice of law to employment relations contradicts the specific nature of labour law and creates risks of circumventing laws aimed at protecting employees’ rights. At the same time, the comparative analysis shows that most European legal orders allow limited party autonomy in employment relations, provided that a certain stand…
subject: Law
  topic: section
subject: principle of party autonomy
  topic: keywords
subject: choice of law
  topic: keywords
subject: employment relations with a foreign element
  topic: keywords
subject: Draft Civil Code of Ukraine
  topic: keywords
creator: Ievgen BOIARSKYI
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ievgen BOIARSKYI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 75
ending page: 87
doi: 10.37491/UNZ.110.6