Autonomous Car as a Source of Damage: Civil Law Aspect
Abstract
The purpose of the article is to determine the civil legal features of an autonomous car as a source of damage. When developing a computer program responsible for driving an autonomous car, the issue of its compliance with ethical standards (morality) should be resolved. That is, to develop the ethics of artificial intelligence taking into account the priority in the selection of the population of a particular region. It is noted that there is a legislative basis for the use of autonomous cars in many states (the USA, the Netherlands, Great Britain, France and Germany). Ukraine has no legislation allowing such self-driving cars to be used on the roads of the country, where a driver must steer a car. According to automobile experts, the use of autonomous cars in Ukraine is also impossible due to the unsatisfactory state of its roads.
It was concluded that the technology of development and use of autonomous cars should be supervised by the Government by developing uniform requirements both for the cars and the software. Such a document was adopted by the Parliament of Great Britain. The issue of compensation for damage caused by such a vehicle is decided in accordance with the Civil Code of Ukraine. It has been concluded that an autonomous car is a special vehicle as it is controlled by a computer.
Neither the car manufacturer nor its software developer can be regarded as subjects of civil liability for the damage caused by an unmanned car. This conclusion is grounded on the fact that autonomous car is a source of increased risk as it has the following features: damage-causing properties; impossibility of complete control on the part of the person over the manifestation of damage-causing properties of material objects; increased probability of causing the damage.
The subject of civil liability for damage caused by an autonomous car as a source of increased danger is a person who, on an appropriate legal basis, owns the vehicle.
The owner of an autonomous car has the right to apply with a reverse claim (regression) to his manufacturer due to defects of the goods.
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