Conflict of Interest

The Journal recognizes that conflicts of interest may affect the objectivity of scholarly evaluation, editorial decision-making, or the perception of research results, and therefore must be disclosed.

Conflicts of interest may be financial, professional, institutional, personal, or of another nature.

All participants in the editorial process are required to disclose any actual or potential conflicts of interest at the appropriate stage.

Authors

Authors must disclose all circumstances that may influence the interpretation of their research results, including sources of funding, institutional support, or other relationships that could be perceived as a conflict of interest.

Reviewers

Reviewers must decline to review a manuscript if they have a conflict of interest that may affect the objectivity of their assessment.

Such conflicts may arise, in particular, in cases of collaboration with the author, affiliation with the same institution, personal or professional relationships, or direct interest in the outcomes of the research.

If a conflict of interest becomes apparent after the review process has begun, the reviewer must promptly inform the editorial office.

Editorial Team

The editorial team ensures that conflicts of interest are avoided in the decision-making process.

Where a manuscript is submitted by the Editor-in-Chief or a member of the editorial board:

the manuscript is handled independently;
the respective individual is excluded from the editorial decision-making process;
peer review is conducted in accordance with standard procedures, ensuring independence and impartiality.

Individuals involved in editorial decision-making must recuse themselves from the process in the event of a conflict of interest.

Consequences of Non-Disclosure

Failure to disclose a conflict of interest may constitute grounds for rejection of the manuscript, replacement of reviewers, retraction of a published article, or other measures necessary to address the situation in accordance with the principles of academic integrity.