Real Estate as an Object of Criminal Offenses
Abstract
The article provides a comprehensive scientific analysis of real estate as a subject, which is aimed at the criminal-illegal influence of the offender. The main features of real estate and criteria for its classification are given. The main typical ways of encroachment on real estate depending on its economic component, useful properties or realization of other criminal intent are systematized. The basic criteria which do not allow to carry real estate to a subject of encroachment at theft, robbery and a robbery are resulted. The list of criminal offenses, the subject of which may be real estate, is systematized and the types of such property are given. Real estate is analysed as a subject of separate criminal offenses against property — extortion and fraud. In case of committing such criminal offenses, damage to real estate may not be caused. On the contrary, real estate can even be improved. Therefore, in such cases, property damage is the unlawful deprivation of the owner of the opportunity to exercise his powers over the property. It is also established that quite often real estate is the subject of criminal offenses in the field of state registration of rights to immovable property committed by special entities. The system of criminal offenses, which consist in illegal destruction and damage of certain types of real estate, is analysed. Mostly such property is buildings and structures for various purposes. A separate way of criminal influence on real estate is the threat of its destruction or damage. Also, quite often the threat of destruction of real estate can be a way of committing other criminal offenses, which mainly consist in forcing the victim to perform certain actions or refrain from them. The ways of criminal-illegal influence on such type of real estate as a land plot are given. In this case, in the case of committing certain criminal offenses against the environment, land activity should not be considered as an object of immovable property, but as an element of the environment.
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