Theoretical Grounds of Law Enforcement: Concepts, Features, Types
Abstract
The article explores the general theoretical issues of the content and features of law enforcement, examines the constituent elements of the law enforcement mechanism. It is summarized that the complexity and nature of the legal subject's actions may give rise to the exercise of the law in the form of adherence, performance, use or application of law. The author emphasizes that the application or enforcement of law is a form of direct realization of the law, which provides for the implementation of prescriptions of legal norms in relation to specific persons — subjects of law within the legal relations of which they are parties.
The peculiarities of such features of law enforcement activity are analyzed in detail as: its state-power character; expression of law enforcement activity in the active actions of law enforcement entities aimed at the emergence, alteration or termination of legal relationships; implementation of enforcement in a specially stipulated by rules of law order on the basis of fixed procedures and in accordance with clear procedural sequence; the result of enforcement is always the issuance of an enforcement act; such activities are directed towards a specific range of entities; in the course of enforcement, legal qualification is exercised — the interpretation of legal norms, interpretation of their content in order to identify the rights and obligations of participants in legal relations from the standpoint of the applicable legal norms.
Attention is also paid to the stages of the law enforcement process: preparatory (establishing and analyzing the facts of the case); stage of legal qualification (choice of the rule of law and establishing the authenticity of its text); the stage of decision-making in a case and its implementation in a law enforcement act.
It is argued that the last stage of law enforcement is to formulate, by the results of the previous stages, the relevant legal conclusions, which are embodied in an individual legal act — decision, resolution, order, etc. In this case, the nature of the enacted acts of law enforcement may have a dual meaning, since in some cases it may be acts in which certain circumstances, legal facts, rights and / or obligations of the participants in the legal relationship are ascertained or confirmed, and in others, acts establishing new obligations for such participants.
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