Ecoturism as a Means of Formation of Ecological Consciousness and Culture of Personality

Keywords: nature, human, ecology, ecological world, ecological consciousness, ecological culture, levels of ecological consciousness, ecological education, ecotourism

Abstract

In the conditions of the global ecological crisis the problem of physical habitation of people as a biological species objectively arises in the foreground. The main reasons for the negative impact of human activities and society on the natural environment, which caused such a crisis, are revealed. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the reduction in society of the technocratic worldview in the life of mankind eventually led to such a negative situation. Emphasis is placed on the fact that in order to overcome it, firstly, it is necessary to rethink the relationship in the system «human — nature» at the global level and, accordingly, to form in the individual and society the need to replace the technological worldview with ecological. It turns out that a system-forming element in the system of ecological worldview is ecological consciousness which is ultimately managed to provide a spiritual basis for a set of environmental factors in human life and society. As a result, they become priorities in human life. Moreover, they can even become a meaning of human life. The content of the basic levels of ecological consciousness formation is revealed: national-realistic, everyday-empirical and conscious-theoretical. It is proved that the carriers of the national-realistic level are characterized by an intuitive approach to understanding the existing environmental problems. As for the everyday-empirical level of ecological consciousness, such people are interested in the practical solution of the problem in the field of ecology, which is directly related to them. And only the carriers of the conscious-theoretical level of ecological consciousness are characterized by a conscious and stable attitude towards environmental problems in all their manifestations. They are characterized by the active life position of protection and conservation of nature, which is realized in active environmental activities. It is proved that ecotourism serves as an effective means of forming and affirming the ecological consciousness and ecological culture of the individual and society, due to the fact that in the process of human interaction with the natural environment the need for care is formed. The content and correlation of the concepts «ecotourism», «biotourism», «natural tourism», «agritourism», «green tourism» are revealed. It turns out that ecotourism necessarily supports the «greening» of other types of tourism, which in their activities are beginning to teach not only the risks of negative impact of such activities on the environment, but also create efforts to ensure its preservation. The significant ecological potential of Khmelnytskyi region is revealed.

References

Bradshaw, C. J. A., Ehrlich, P. R., Beattie, A., Ceballos, G. et all. (2021) Underestimating the Challenges of Avoiding a Ghastly Future. Frontiers in Conservation Science, 1. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcosc.2020.615419.

Korniienko, S. F. (2018) Svit bez yadernoi zbroi — naikrashchyi vykhid dlia Ukrainy v stani ahresii proty nei RF, i v stani hlobalnoho narostannia zahrozy yadernoi viiny. Myroliubna ukrainska natsiia hidna bezpechnoho zhyttia v bezpechnomu sviti, i yii pid sylu pidniaty novu planetarnu khvyliu yadernoho rozzbroiennia. Yakshcho ne my, to khto? Petytsiia № 22/046486-ep vid 27.08.2018 r. Retrieved from Ofitsiine internet-predstavnytstvo Prezydenta Ukrainy: https://bit.ly/3wpEGZN.

Khmelko, V. Ye. (1977) Svitohliad osoby: psykholohichna struktura i funktsii. Filosofska dumka, 3, 30–38.

Dubovyi, V. I., Dubovyi, O. V. (2016) Ekolohichna kultura. Kherson : Hrin D. S.

Babiak, O. S., Bilenchuk, P. D., Chyrva, Yu. O. (2000) Ekolohichne pravo Ukrainy. Kyiv : Atika.

Country Overshoot Days. (N.d.) Retrieved from Earth Overshoot Day: https://bit.ly/3oEAth5.

Yak stavliatsia do ekolohichnykh problem ukraintsi — rezultaty sotsiolohichnoho doslidzhennia. (N.d.) Retrieved from Ministerstvo zakhystu dovkillia ta pryrodnykh resursiv Ukrainy: https://bit.ly/3mPSdX8.

Vyhovskyi, L. A., Vyhovska, T. V. (2019) Ekolohichna svidomist yak osnova ekolohichnoi kultury. Sofiia. Humanitarno-relihiieznavchyi visnyk, 2 (14), 33–37.

Chyselnist naselennia. (N.d.) Retrieved from Derzhavna pidtrymka ukrainskoho eksportu: https://bit.ly/3bMy9i7.

Turyzm i dovkillia. (N.d.) Retrieved from Lekcii.Kom: https://bit.ly/3kcK25w.

Sorokina, H. O. (2013) Ekolohichnyi turyzm. Luhansk : LNU imeni Tarasa Shevchenka.

Ekolohichnyi turyzm i ekolohichni pokhody. (N.d.) Retrieved from StudIzba: https://bit.ly/3o6l4Gb.

Ekolohichnyi pasport Khmelnytskoi oblasti u 2020 rotsi (2021). Departament pryrodnykh resursiv ta ekolohii Khmelnytskoi ODA. Khmelnytskyi.

Bondar, O. I. (ed.) (2015) Ekolohichna osvita dlia staloho rozvytku u zapytanniakh ta vidpovidiakh. Kherson : Hrin D. S.

Vyhovska, T. V. (2019) Turystychno-rekreatsiina pryvablyvist Khmelnychchyny. In Podilski chytannia: Ekolohiia, okhorona dovkillia, zberezhennia biotychnoho ta landshaftnoho riznomanittia: nauka, osvita, praktyka : zb. mat. Mizhn. nauk.-prakt. konf. (pp. 119–123) Khmelnytskyi : KhNU.

Davydenko, I. V. (2008) Ekoturyzm yak skladova ekolohichnoho vykhovannia studentiv. Naukovyi visnyk Odeskoho derzhavnoho ekonomichnoho universytetu. Ekonomika, politolohiia, istoriia, 17 (73), 108–118.

Dmytruk, O. Yu. (2004) Ekolohichnyi turyzm: Suchasni kontseptsii menedzhmentu i marketynhu (2nd ed.). Kyiv : Alterpres.

Kosolapov, A. B. (2005) Teoriya i praktika ekologicheskogo turizma. Moskva : KNORUS.

Krysachenko, V. S. (1996) Ekolohichna kultura. Kyiv : Zapovit.

Pro kontseptsiiu ekolohichnoi osvity v Ukraini. Rishennia Kolehii Ministerstva osvity i nauky Ukrainy vid 20.12.2001 r. № 13/6-19. (N.d.) Retrieved from Verkhovna Rada Ukrainy. Zakonodavstvo Ukrainy: https://bit.ly/3EW5eF4.

Pro turyzm. Zakon Ukrainy vid 15.09.1995 r. № 324/95-VR. (N.d.) Retrieved from Verkhovna Rada Ukrainy. Zakonodavstvo Ukrainy: https://bit.ly/3kf4VNA.

Tanasiichuk, O. Yu. (2014) Osoblyvosti pryrodnoi skladovoi rekreatsiinoho kompleksu Khmelnychchyny. Geopolitika i ekogeodinamika regionov, 10 (2), 790–798: Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3bLbzXj.

Sahaidak, I. S., Avramenko, N. L., Chorna, T. M. (2018) Formuvannia ekolohichnoho svitohliadu ta kultury bezpeky studentiv VNZ. Kyiv : 7BTs.

Published
2021-07-03
Section
Tourism